This effect was particularly observed with miR-31, a microRNA that was found to suppress both mRNA and protein levels of BACE1, as well as mRNA levels of the APP gene in hippocampal neurons from 17-month-old female AD triple-transgenic (3xTg-AD) mice.73 Functionally, this led to a significant improvement in memory deficits, reduced anxiety, and greater cognitive flexibility. Here, APP is linked to Alzheimer disease.