The expansion of CD8+CD28− T cells is a risk factor for vascular dysfunction.274 Studies have shown that the expansion of peripheral late-differentiated CD4+CD28− T cells that produce IFN-γ after persistent antigenic stimulation is observed in unstable angina.275 In older men, CMV infection-related atherosclerosis may be mediated by an increased proportion of memory CD4+ T cells.276. Here, CD4 is linked to cytomegalovirus infection.