CD8A and type 2 diabetes mellitus: These effector cells are the main producers of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ and TNF-α, leading to increased systemic inflammation.164,248 Additionally, an increase in the number of senescent T cells, including CD8+CD57+ and CD8+CD28− T cells, is considered a predictor of hyperglycemia development in humans.248 Apart from adaptive immunity, aging induces defects in the function and activation of the innate immune system in T2D.