During influenza infection in mice, increased neutrophil recruitment to aging lungs or livers was observed upon C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) stimulation, resulting in devastating inflammation and increased mortality.76,77 The upregulation of junctional adhesion molecule-C also promotes the accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs, leading to acute lung injury.78 In contrast, neutrophil depletion limits the secretion of neutrophil-activating cytokines and reduces mortality and long-term functional benefits in an ischemic stroke model in aged mice.79 Here, CXCL1 is linked to ischemic stroke.