CHI3L1 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Furthermore, the overexpression of CHI3L1 has been identified in multiple human tumours (in the tissue or in patient serum) and is associated with poor prognosis, including colorectal cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma, prostate cancer, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, glioblastoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, amongst others (Cintin et al, 1999; Hogdall et al, 2003; Johansen et al, 2003; Brasso et al, 2006; Schmidt et al, 2006; Biggar et al, 2008; Shao et al, 2009; Li et al, 2024).