One mechanism identified is through stimulated binding of the cytokine IL-13 to its receptor IL-13α2 in macrophages, and another through association with CD44 leading to Myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ) activity in glioma stem cells (He et al, 2013; Kwak et al, 2019; Guetta-Terrier et al, 2023). This evidence concerns the gene MAZ and central nervous system cancer.