Apart from these genes in specific pathways, some light gray genes in Fig 2D, such as ARAF, ESRRA and PTMA (from the China cohort), as well as KDM6A, PABPC1 and TRIM49C (from the American cohort), are predicted by ModSDP as region-specific drivers of bladder cancer and require further experimental validation. Here, PTMA is linked to urinary bladder cancer.