In the PL versus PCa comparison, Humanin maintained high diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.9867), alongside exo-miR-21 (0.9932), plasma-miR-103 (0.9763), and plasma-GAS5 (0.8711), confirming their potential to distinguish early from established malignancy. The gene discussed is GAS5; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.