ATF3 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Under high shear, DEGs upregulated in PAH cells included those involved in vascular inflammation (MIR155, MIR155HG, ATF3, CD93, ADGRF5), proliferation and activation (PIM1 and RCAN2), and remodeling (ADAMTSL2), as well as genes associated with shear response and vascular homeostasis (e.g. GUCY1B1, CA2, and CSMD1; Figure 3b).