To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying TGF-β1-mediated fibrosis in Graves’ ophthalmopathy, orbital fibroblasts (OFs) isolated from three independent GO patients were exposed to 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 24 hours prior to transcriptome analysis by high-throughput RNA sequencing. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Graves ophthalmopathy.