Because most studies have investigated Fusobacterium nucleatum, additional studies are needed to understand fully the possible cross talk between AHR and other bacterial species in colorectal cancer, such as Staphylococcus gallolyticus, Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli B2, Enterococcus faecalis, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. Furthermore, the role of microbiota in stimulating immune responses and modulating responsiveness to immunotherapy, including via AHR signals, required further examination 185. Here, AHR is linked to colorectal cancer.