26 Similarly, COL1A1 promotes pro-collagen synthesis and collagen fibers formation extracellularly, which could also be used as an indicator for cardiac fibrosis. 27 Meanwhile, BNP as a recognized marker, is also an authentic measurement for degrees of heart failure 28,72, and pathological sections can be used to observe the presence of cardiac mal-remodeling. The gene discussed is COL1A1; the disease is heart failure.