CALCA and inflammation: In terms of lung inflammation, also known as a part of lung aging, CS-exposed Arsk-AAV mice showed reduced airway inflammation, lower counts of total cells, macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes in BALF, as well as significantly decreased expressions and secretions of IL-6, KC and IL-1β in lung tissues compared to CS-exposed Con-AAV mice (Fig. 6H–L).