Differential gene analysis between hyperoxia control and p53ΔEC mice revealed upregulation of some growth factors such as placental growth factor (Pgf) and growth differentiation factor 15 (Gdf15), both of which have been implicated in BPD (41–43) (Figure 7D and Supplemental Table 4). This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.