Recent studies have also found that IAld can ameliorate Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and A. fumigatus co-infection by multiple mechanisms, including protecting the epithelial barrier, restoring virus-induced pro-inflammatory features by reducing IL-1β production and increasing IL-10 to promote antiviral responses and limit viral replication, and IAld works better in a prophylactic rather than therapeutic protocol (Pariano et al., 2024). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and coinfection.