IL10 and viral infectious disease: These results not only uncover the coordinated regulatory network between tryptophan metabolites (IAld, PA, 5-HT, etc.)and key cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IFN-γ, etc.), providing new perspectives for immunometabolic research in viral infections, but also establish a theoretical foundation for developing biomarkers for HBV treatment by identifying characteristic association patterns between metabolites and cytokines, offering important insights for designing therapeutic strategies targeting immunometabolic pathways.