These results not only uncover the coordinated regulatory network between tryptophan metabolites (IAld, PA, 5-HT, etc.)and key cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IFN-γ, etc.), providing new perspectives for immunometabolic research in viral infections, but also establish a theoretical foundation for developing biomarkers for HBV treatment by identifying characteristic association patterns between metabolites and cytokines, offering important insights for designing therapeutic strategies targeting immunometabolic pathways. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is viral infectious disease.