GZMB and neoplasm: From a technological platform perspective, the affibody-based ZHPV16E7-GrB and monoclonal antibody-based antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) such as Trastuzumab-GrB exhibit fundamental differences that are primarily manifested in their molecular size and tissue penetration capabilities, with the smaller affibody format demonstrating superior tumor penetration and intracellular delivery efficiency compared to conventional ADCs, while importantly both systems maintain comparable efficacy in inducing apoptosis in target cells (35).