TREM1 and Cognitive impairment: Furthermore, TREM-1 governs microglial polarization toward pro-inflammatory M1 phenotypes, facilitates neutrophil extracellular trap formation (18), and impairs synaptic remodeling—a mechanism potentially linked to β-amyloid phagocytosis exacerbation and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) models (43, 47, 48).