As the disease progresses, patients with cirrhosis have lower levels of CD27 MBCs and higher levels of naïve B cells, and these B cells in patients with cirrhosis suffering from more advanced liver disease show a maturation transition towards CD27 MBCs, double-negative B cells and plasmablasts compared to patients with earlier stages of the disease (Cardoso et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene CD27 and liver disorder.