HSCs and macrophages both expressing the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), which can lead to a reduction in the activation of both cell types through PPAR γ agonism in HSCs and parallel PPAR δ agonism in macrophages in a mouse model of NASH (Ni et al., 2022) as well as in a clinical trial of 274 NASH patients (Francque et al., 2021; Lefere et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene PPARA and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.