Sapanisertib was granted fast-track designation by the FDA for the treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have a mutation in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2) and who have received prior platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy [33, 34]. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to non-small cell squamous lung carcinoma.