TNF and neoplasm: Compared to 4T1OVA cells, CD8+ TOT−1 cells demonstrated enhanced cytotoxicity against 4T1M3OVA and 4T1OVA-FSK, as evidenced by higher tumor cell apoptosis rates (Fig. 5A&B) and elevated secretion of effector cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) in co-culture systems (Fig. 5C&D).