Results showed that elevated levels of C-C motif chemokine 25 (CCL25, OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.02–1.51, P = .032), macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (M-CSF1, OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.09–2.68, P = .021) and interleukin-33 (IL-33, OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.01–2.56, P = .045) were significantly associated with increased GBM risk, while fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21, OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.37–0.89, P = .012) showed a protective effect. Here, CSF1 is linked to glioblastoma.