HK1 and hydrops fetalis: The end-stage ICM-DM heart showed signs of promoting glycolysis via intracellular glucose availability, as anticipated in HF and ischaemia due to pathological hypertrophy stimuli and oxidative stress (Dyck et al, 2004; Fillmore et al, 2014; Ritterhoff and Tian, 2023; Shao and Tian, 2016), by the upregulation of glucose trapping hexokinase (HK1, the first rate-limiting step of glycolysis), which was also observed in NICM in agreement with a recent study (Flam et al, 2022).