A further summary statistic-based Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis using the SMR method33 showed consistently significant mediation effects on BMI/obesity through the expression of ADCY3 in monocytes (p-valueeQTL vs BMI = 8.78e-08, p-valueeQTL vs OB1 = 9.14e-05, and p-valueeQTL vs OB2 = 3.90e-04, Fig. 3g–i and Supplementary Fig. 6e–g, “Methods”). The gene discussed is ADCY3; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.