TNF and cancer: When LNCaP-EnzR cells were compared with LNCaP cells, 234 distinct AhR-regulated genes were found in the enzalutamide-resistant cells (Fig. 5b), which were enriched in 27 pathways, including a number of oncogenic pathways, such as the TNF signalling pathway, the AMPK signalling pathway, chemical cancer receptor activation and transcriptional dysregulation in cancer (Fig. 5f).