For example, exposure to TGF-β or chemotherapy agents has been shown to induce stemness-associated gene expression programs via epigenetic remodeling and activation of EMT regulators such as ZEB191 and TWIST.44 This dynamic transition underscores the non-static nature of CSCs and highlights the importance of tumor microenvironmental cues in regulating stemness. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.