EPCAM and hepatocellular carcinoma: Originally identified in intestinal stem cells, LGR5 is now recognized as a marker of CSCs in GBM, colorectal, gastric, and hepatocellular cancers, where its expression is correlated with increased tumor initiation, metastatic potential, and poor prognosis.153,154 Another notable marker is EpCAM, also known as CD326, a transmembrane glycoprotein that facilitates cell‒cell adhesion and intracellular signaling.