The gating scheme to analyze Th1 cells (T-bet+CD4+), Th17 cells (RORγt+CD4+), short-lived effector CD8+ T cells (SLECs; T-bet+CD8+), and regulatory T cells (Tregs; FoxP3+CD4+) from islets is shown in Supplemental Figure 4A (gating scheme for PLNs in Supplemental Figure 4B); Tregs were further analyzed according to T-bet expression, as T-bet+ Tregs have been previously shown to strongly suppress type 1 inflammation and diabetes in the NOD model (46). Here, CD4 is linked to diabetes mellitus.