In multiplesclerosis, Dectin-1 modulation inhibits neuroinflammationby converting microglia from the M1 to M2 phenotype, enhancing anti-inflammatorymarkers IL-10 and BDNF and reducing pro-inflammatory markers TNF-αand IL-1β. In ischemic stroke,Dectin-1 expression in microglia increases Syk phosphorylation andexpression of iNOS and TNF-α, underscoring the key inflammatorysignaling role of Dectin-1/Syk. Blockingthis receptor and Syk results in reduced inflammation and decreasedinfarct volume. The gene discussed is CLEC7A; the disease is ischemic stroke.