TNF and depressive symptom measurement: In depression, inhibition of the Dectin-1 receptor preventsmicroglial activation and astrocyte proliferation, reducing the expressionof IL-1β and TNF-α and increasing IL-10 and BDNF. However, studies indicate that chronic inflammationinduction models increase the levels of inflammatory cytokines inmicroglia mediated by Dectin-1 receptors. This suggests a dual role for Dectin-1 that still needs to be elucidatedin psychiatric disorders.