ACTA1 and renal fibrosis: We also demonstrated that renal fibrosis was attenuated by PRDM16 overexpression, as the mRNA levels of Col1a1, Col3a, Fibronectin, and Vimentin (Figure 8, K–N), the protein levels of Fibronectin and α-SMA (Figure 8, O–Q), and collagen deposition (Figure 8, R and S) decreased.