CRISPR screens have also provided mechanistic insights into phagocyte-pathogen interactions during Shigella flexneri infection; these studies demonstrated that suppressing host genes associated with the Toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) signaling pathway and pyruvate catabolism promotes host cell survival, thus providing important insights for developing therapeutic treatments against shigellosis (99). Here, TLR1 is linked to shigellosis.