MALAT1 and ischemic stroke: Notably, recent studies have revealed that berberine’s regulatory effect on HMGB1 is associated with lncRNA Malat1, where lncRNA Malat1 competitively binds miR-181c-5p - a direct HMGB1 target - to regulate HMGB1 expression following ischemic stroke (Cao et al., 2020).