GFAP and major depressive disorder: In an animal model of depression, LPS induced a significant alteration in animals indicated by an elevated levels in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), NF-κB, p-ERK, Iba1, cleaved-caspase-1, caspase-1, nod-like receptor protein containing pyrin 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and calpain-1, and a reduced production in Nrf2, suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian oscillatory protein (SCOP), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and calpastatin (Shen et al., 2022).