Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) is an enzyme that inhibits fat accumulation, induces lipid metabolism and increases endoplasmic reticulum stress (Gan et al., 2023),Melatonin can target PCa by upregulating the expression of CES1 to achieve this function (Zhou et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene CES1 and posterior cortical atrophy.