Conclusions: This study reveals the molecular mechanism of Mn3O4 nanozymes modulating microglia phenotype to attenuate neuroinflammation primarily through inhibition of the TLR4/NOX2 pathway and highlights the temporal sequence of anti-inflammatory treatment in regulating microglial phenotype and improving fAβ pathology, providing new insights for the anti-inflammatory treatment of AD and other neurological diseases. The gene discussed is CYBB; the disease is Alzheimer disease.