IFNB1 and neoplasm: Certain Zn-based nanomaterials (e.g., ZnO and ZIF-8), which combine acoustic and photosensitizing properties, can effectively generate ROS and induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) to activate anti-tumor immune responses: Zn2+ activates the cGAS/STING pathway through ROS-mediated mtDNA release, promotes IFN-β secretion, and interacts with damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by PDT.