This finding indicates that senescent CAFs directly suppress immune cell function by secreting specific factors, thereby influencing tumor growth and responses to immunotherapy (65).Additionally, it has been shown that senescent CAFs can orchestrate immune evasion by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and factors associated with the SASP, including IL-6, IL-8, and TGF-β. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and neoplasm.