experimentally demonstrated that transcript levels of CIS/SOCS genes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis were not significantly different from those observed in healthy controls; however, they noted an increase in CIS transcript expression alongside a downregulation of SOCS2 transcript levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RA patients treated with TNF-α blockers (69). Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.