Clinical investigations show that SOCS1-deficient patients commonly develop early-onset autoimmune diseases, including Hyper IgE-like syndrome (HIES) with eczema and purulent infections, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with cutaneous and renal involvement, autoimmune cytopenias (e.g.,immune thrombocytopenia, Evans syndrome), and organ-specific autoimmunity (e.g., psoriasis, thyroiditis) (121, 123). Here, SOCS1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.