HES1 and lung cancer: Further mechanistic studies have revealed that the Notch/Hes1 signaling network participates in the malignant progression of lung cancer through multiple molecular pathways: the Notch1/Hes1/p-STAT3 signaling axis regulates the self-renewal capacity of lung CSCs (171), while the Notch1/Hes1/matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) cascade mediates the invasive and metastatic properties of NSCLC (95).