This narrative review was conducted using a PubMed search for studies evaluating the impact of obesity on female fertility, published between 1995 and 2025, using the following keywords: "fertility," "female fertility," "reproduction," "assisted reproductive technology," and "obesity." To identify studies evaluating the effect of medical and surgical interventions for obesity on female fertility, we also performed a PubMed search using the following keywords: bariatric surgery, endoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist, and anti-obesity medications (AOMs). This evidence concerns the gene GCG and Obesity.