TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma: The majority of CRC cases are due to altered KRAS and B‐Raf, which activate WNT‐APC‐CTNNB1, PI3K, TGFB1‐SMAD, and RAS–RAF–MAPK pathways and promote proliferation with suppressed apoptosis (Ahronian et al. 2015).