CD8A and neoplasm: Extracellular lactate weakens antitumor immune responses by suppressing the glycolytic capacity of CD8+ T cells and interfering with IFN-γ signal transduction.153 Conversely, specific lactate concentrations can reshape myeloid cell metabolic programs to promote immunosuppressive microenvironments.154 More importantly, lactate regulates tumor biological behaviors through nonmetabolic pathways.