USP11 and cancer: In colorectal cancer, the USP11/Nrf2 positive feedback loop promotes tumor progression by suppressing mitochondrial apoptosis.263 In melanoma, mitochondrial calcium regulation influences redox homeostasis and phenotypic transition.264 Additionally, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) performs atypical functions in maintaining redox homeostasis, protecting cancer cells from apoptosis.265 Consequently, redox homeostasis regulation not only affects cancer cell metabolism and survival but also may provide novel therapeutic targets and strategies.