IL6 and neoplasm: Cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-10 secreted by M2 macrophages can activate key metabolic regulators such as STAT3 in cancer cells, promoting both glycolysis and OXPHOS.394 This metabolic reprogramming facilitates cancer cell proliferation and can confer resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy.395 High IL-6 levels frequently correlate with adverse clinical outcomes across multiple cancer types, underscoring the critical importance of macrophage-tumor mitochondrial crosstalk.396