KRAS and cancer: In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), mTORC1 senses purine deficiency when mitochondrial folate metabolism is inhibited, triggering differentiation of cancer stem cells and reducing tumor growth.282 In AML, mTOR influences cellular metabolism and survival by regulating autophagy.283 Similarly, mTORC2 mediates RAS-induced ROS signaling that drives mitochondrial fission, mitophagy and autophagic cell death in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer.284