We found that re-expression of WT Ndufs1 increased free complex I levels and activity at 48 and 72 h post-adenovirus infection, compared to AdGFP controls (Fig. 3, B and C), while compared to WT Ndufs1, expression of C92D mutant Ndufs1 significantly increased respirasome complex I levels and activity at 48 and 72 h (Fig. 3, B and C). Here, NDUFS1 is linked to adenoviridae infectious disease.