In patients with stage I, II, or III NSCLC, treatment methods include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combined modality approach.32 miRNA dysregulation can modulate various critical pathways, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways, which play key roles in regulating drug resistance mechanisms in cancer. The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.