VEGFA and neoplasm: M2 macrophages secrete immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic factors, including IL-10, epidermal growth factor (EGF), VEGF, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and TGF-β, thereby facilitating immune suppression and tumor progression [255].