We also noted that using H&E alone produced an AUROC below 0.9 for PD-L1 prediction in breast cancer but exceeding 0.9 for MMRd/MSI prediction in CRC, underscoring that the magnitude of histopathological changes associated with a given biomarker may determine how much H&E data contribute to predictive power. Here, CD274 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.