TNF and myopia: Retinal dopamine terminates normal eye growth and plays a pathogenic role in myopia.8,9 Dopamine reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and thereby suppressed inflammation.10,11 A pediatric clinical trial of a potent anti-inflammatory agent, crocetin,12 demonstrated a beneficial effect in slowing myopia progression.13 Despite clinical and experimental data on the association of myopia with inflammation, the origin of the inflammatory responses remains unidentified.