None of the CiLV-C frameshift mutants impaired the necrotic lesion response or restored the systemic spread of the virus (non-positive signal in tissue print analysis of leaf petiole), indicating that p15, MP, p24, and particularly p61 – whose ectopic expression active defense signal transduction leading to HR response [45] - appear not to be directly implicated as Avr effectors on CiLV-C infection context. This evidence concerns the gene PPP1CB and infection.