This highlights MAGEA9 as a potential prognostic and diagnostic marker, as well as a promising immunotherapeutic target.31 Building on these findings, the present study utilized comprehensive bioinformatic analyses to investigate the expression of SPEF1 and SPEF2 in BLCA, aiming to uncover their potential as novel biomarkers. This evidence concerns the gene MAGEA9 and bladder transitional cell carcinoma.