These biomarkers, when analyzed in combination with clinical data, can establish an early diagnosis before symptom manifestation or detection of abnormalities by traditional diagnostic methods.47 A previous study58 of urinary proteomic analysis identified 14 differentially-expressed proteins, including apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), as potential biomarkers for bladder cancer. Here, APOA1 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.