Vanasco et al. showed that 6h after LPS injection in a murine model, there were significant increases in mitochondrial number, size, and damage, a finding echoed in a LPS model of felines.21,22 Celes et al. further showed disruption to the contractile apparatus, especially loss of dystrophin, at 6h in a peritoneal model of murine septic shock.23 Such ultrastructural damage can explain why there is compromise in the myofilaments’ ability to “relax”, restricting LV dilation and contraction and sustaining a persistently reduced EDV in non-survivors until death. This evidence concerns the gene DMD and septic shock.