This event resulted in the construction of a bladder cancer-specific artificial promoter aligned with the expression level of the the transcription factor ETS-1, allowing for the precise identification of bladder cancer cells and promoting their apoptosis.18 Several synthetic promoters have been designed to target bladder cancer, including the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter and the bladder-specific promoter of the human uroplakin II gene (hUPII). Here, ETS1 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.