It's demonstrated ability to reduce tumour proliferation in ovarian and cervical cancers (Sun et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2022), to attenuate oxidative and inflammatory damage in the uterus and ovaries (Li et al., 2023; Yang et al., 2022; Li et al., 2018), and to modulate hormonal and signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT and ERβ-mediated signaling (Liu et al., 2019; Li et al., 2023) supports its potential in managing both oncological and endocrine-related reproductive disorders. This evidence concerns the gene ESR2 and neoplasm.