NFKB1 and diabetes mellitus: Mechanistic studies reveal that apigenin inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway, reduces the production of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px, GPx, MDA, and SOD), and modulates the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2), thereby mitigating diabetes-induced cardiomyocyte inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis (Liu et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2017).