VEGFA and lung cancer: Other immune-related cytokines reported in patients with lung cancer treated with RT include TNF-α (57), IFN-β (41), IFN-γ (37, 116), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10/CXCL10) (37), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (58), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (38), erythropoietin (EPO) (38), GM-CSF (116), IL-17A (29), and IL-21 (35).