Besides, there are several ongoing phase 1/2 clinical trials aiming to investigate the clinical benefit of including blockade of IL-6, IL-8 or TGF-β in the treatment of patients with advanced lung cancer (IL-6: NCT05704634; IL-8: NCT04123379, NCT04572451; TGF-β: NCT03732274, NCT05537051). Here, TGFB1 is linked to lung cancer.