showed that a higher mean lung dose and a higher TGF-β1 2w/pre ratio (i.e., TGF-β levels at 2 weeks after RT initiation divided by the TGF-β1 levels before the first fraction of RT) in combination with lower pre-treatment IL-8 levels were associated with a higher risk of developing RILI in patients with NSCLC (52). Here, CXCL8 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.